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23.227 24 22.271V1.729C24 .774 23.2 0 22.222 0z\"\u002F>",true,{"id":42,"title":43,"author":44,"body":45,"cefrLevel":528,"date":44,"description":529,"extension":530,"faqs":44,"gcseTier":531,"intro":532,"language":533,"lastUpdated":44,"meta":534,"navigation":40,"path":535,"seo":536,"stem":537,"verbSlugs":44,"__hash__":538},"pages\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fmodals-and-intent.md","Mandarin Modal Verbs: 会, 想, 要, 应该, 可以, 能 and the Future-Intent Words 打算, 准备",null,{"type":46,"value":47,"toc":504},"minimark",[48,53,62,158,161,165,168,173,176,189,192,196,199,210,213,217,220,231,234,238,241,252,255,266,269,273,277,280,291,295,298,309,312,315,319,322,333,336,340,343,354,368,376,379,383,386,390,401,405,416,419,422,426,429,434,453,456,460,496],[49,50,52],"h2",{"id":51},"the-five-modal-core","The five-modal core",[54,55,56,57,61],"p",{},"The Foundation-tier inventory: ",[58,59,60],"strong",{},"会, 想, 要, 应该, 可以",".",[63,64,65,84],"table",{},[66,67,68],"thead",{},[69,70,71,75,78,81],"tr",{},[72,73,74],"th",{},"Modal",[72,76,77],{},"Pinyin",[72,79,80],{},"Sense",[72,82,83],{},"Example",[85,86,87,102,116,130,144],"tbody",{},[69,88,89,93,96,99],{},[90,91,92],"td",{},"会",[90,94,95],{},"huì",[90,97,98],{},"learned ability \u002F likelihood",[90,100,101],{},"我会说中文 - I can speak Chinese",[69,103,104,107,110,113],{},[90,105,106],{},"想",[90,108,109],{},"xiǎng",[90,111,112],{},"want to \u002F would like to",[90,114,115],{},"我想去 - I want to go",[69,117,118,121,124,127],{},[90,119,120],{},"要",[90,122,123],{},"yào",[90,125,126],{},"want \u002F will (firmer)",[90,128,129],{},"我要去 - I'm going to go",[69,131,132,135,138,141],{},[90,133,134],{},"应该",[90,136,137],{},"yīng gāi",[90,139,140],{},"should",[90,142,143],{},"你应该睡觉 - you should sleep",[69,145,146,149,152,155],{},[90,147,148],{},"可以",[90,150,151],{},"kě yǐ",[90,153,154],{},"may (permission, possibility)",[90,156,157],{},"你可以走 - you may go",[54,159,160],{},"All modals sit BEFORE the main verb. Negate with 不 (except 必须, see below).",[49,162,164],{"id":163},"会-vs-能-vs-可以-three-flavours-of-can","会 vs 能 vs 可以: three flavours of 'can'",[54,166,167],{},"This is the trickiest distinction in the modal system.",[169,170,172],"h3",{"id":171},"会-huì-learned-ability","会 (huì): learned ability",[54,174,175],{},"Use 会 for skills you've acquired through learning.",[177,178,179,183,186],"ul",{},[180,181,182],"li",{},"我会说中文。 (Wǒ huì shuō zhōng wén.) - I can speak Chinese.",[180,184,185],{},"她会开车。 (Tā huì kāi chē.) - She can drive.",[180,187,188],{},"你会游泳吗？ (Nǐ huì yóu yǒng ma?) - Can you swim?",[54,190,191],{},"Negation: 不会 (can't \u002F don't know how to). 我不会跳舞 (I can't dance).",[169,193,195],{"id":194},"会-huì-job-2-likelihood-will","会 (huì) job 2: likelihood \u002F will",[54,197,198],{},"The same 会 also marks 'will' \u002F 'is likely to'.",[177,200,201,204,207],{},[180,202,203],{},"明天会下雨。 (Míng tiān huì xià yǔ.) - It'll rain tomorrow.",[180,205,206],{},"他会来吗？ (Tā huì lái ma?) - Will he come?",[180,208,209],{},"这件事不会发生。 (Zhè jiàn shì bú huì fā shēng.) - This won't happen.",[54,211,212],{},"Context disambiguates. 我会说中文 is ability (learned skill); 明天会下雨 is likelihood (a forecast).",[169,214,216],{"id":215},"能-néng-possibility-permission","能 (néng): possibility + permission",[54,218,219],{},"能 covers can-because-circumstances-allow-it. Physical possibility, available time, opportunity.",[177,221,222,225,228],{},[180,223,224],{},"我今天不能去。 (Wǒ jīn tiān bù néng qù.) - I can't go today (circumstances).",[180,226,227],{},"你能等一下吗？ (Nǐ néng děng yí xià ma?) - Can you wait a moment?",[180,229,230],{},"这里能停车吗？ (Zhè li néng tíng chē ma?) - Can one park here?",[54,232,233],{},"能 also covers regained or specific ability: 他病了, 不能工作 (he's ill, can't work).",[169,235,237],{"id":236},"可以-kě-yǐ-permission-circumstantial-can","可以 (kě yǐ): permission + circumstantial 'can'",[54,239,240],{},"可以 leans on the 'permission' meaning of 'can'.",[177,242,243,246,249],{},[180,244,245],{},"我可以走了吗？ (Wǒ kě yǐ zǒu le ma?) - May I go now?",[180,247,248],{},"你可以用我的电话。 (Nǐ kě yǐ yòng wǒ de diàn huà.) - You can use my phone.",[180,250,251],{},"这里可以吸烟吗？ (Zhè li kě yǐ xī yān ma?) - Can one smoke here?",[54,253,254],{},"能 and 可以 overlap considerably. Native speakers often use them interchangeably. The textbook split:",[177,256,257,260,263],{},[180,258,259],{},"会 - learned ability (skills) + future likelihood",[180,261,262],{},"能 - circumstantial possibility (am I able?)",[180,264,265],{},"可以 - permission (am I allowed?)",[54,267,268],{},"In practice, if you're not sure, 可以 is the safe default for 'can' in everyday speech.",[49,270,272],{"id":271},"想-vs-要-two-flavours-of-want","想 vs 要: two flavours of 'want'",[169,274,276],{"id":275},"想-xiǎng-want-to-would-like-to","想 (xiǎng): want to \u002F would like to",[54,278,279],{},"The softer 'want'. Hypothetical, desired, polite.",[177,281,282,285,288],{},[180,283,284],{},"我想去中国。 (Wǒ xiǎng qù zhōng guó.) - I'd like to go to China.",[180,286,287],{},"你想吃什么？ (Nǐ xiǎng chī shén me?) - What would you like to eat?",[180,289,290],{},"我想睡觉。 (Wǒ xiǎng shuì jiào.) - I want to sleep.",[169,292,294],{"id":293},"要-yào-want-will-be-going-to","要 (yào): want \u002F will \u002F be going to",[54,296,297],{},"The firmer 'want'. Concrete intent, decided plan.",[177,299,300,303,306],{},[180,301,302],{},"我要去中国。 (Wǒ yào qù zhōng guó.) - I'm going to China.",[180,304,305],{},"我要一杯咖啡。 (Wǒ yào yì bēi kā fēi.) - I'll have a coffee.",[180,307,308],{},"他要回家了。 (Tā yào huí jiā le.) - He's about to go home.",[54,310,311],{},"Restaurant rule of thumb: 想 if you're still deciding, 要 when you're ordering. 你想吃什么? is 'what do you fancy?'; 我要一碗面 is 'I'll have a bowl of noodles'.",[54,313,314],{},"要 also covers 'must' \u002F 'need to' in some contexts: 你要小心 (you must be careful). Sentence-final 要…了 marks imminent action: 要下雨了 (it's about to rain).",[49,316,318],{"id":317},"应该-yīng-gāi-should","应该 (yīng gāi): should",[54,320,321],{},"Moral or expected 'should'.",[177,323,324,327,330],{},[180,325,326],{},"你应该睡觉。 (Nǐ yīng gāi shuì jiào.) - You should sleep.",[180,328,329],{},"我应该走了。 (Wǒ yīng gāi zǒu le.) - I should be going.",[180,331,332],{},"学生应该努力。 (Xué sheng yīng gāi nǔ lì.) - Students should work hard.",[54,334,335],{},"Negate with 不应该: 你不应该这样做 (you shouldn't do that).",[49,337,339],{"id":338},"必须-得-must","必须 \u002F 得: must",[54,341,342],{},"A bit stronger than 应该. 必须 (bì xū, must) is formal-ish; 得 (děi, gotta) is colloquial.",[177,344,345,348,351],{},[180,346,347],{},"我必须走了。 (Wǒ bì xū zǒu le.) - I must leave.",[180,349,350],{},"你必须学习。 (Nǐ bì xū xué xí.) - You must study.",[180,352,353],{},"我得回家。 (Wǒ děi huí jiā.) - I've got to go home.",[54,355,356,359,360,363,364,367],{},[58,357,358],{},"The trap: do NOT negate 必须 with 不必须",". The negative of 必须 is ",[58,361,362],{},"不用"," (bú yòng, don't need to) or ",[58,365,366],{},"不必"," (bú bì, needn't).",[177,369,370,373],{},[180,371,372],{},"你不用来。 (Nǐ bú yòng lái.) - You don't need to come.",[180,374,375],{},"不必那么客气。 (Bú bì nà me kè qi.) - You don't need to be so polite.",[54,377,378],{},"不必须 is ungrammatical. The negative of 'must' in Mandarin isn't 'must not' - it's 'don't need to'. (For 'must not', you use 不能 or 别: 你不能这样做, 别这样做 - 'don't do that'.)",[49,380,382],{"id":381},"future-intent-打算-and-准备","Future intent: 打算 and 准备",[54,384,385],{},"For 'planning to do' \u002F 'be about to do', two non-modal verbs pull their weight.",[169,387,389],{"id":388},"打算-dǎ-suàn-plan-to","打算 (dǎ suàn): plan to",[177,391,392,395,398],{},[180,393,394],{},"我打算明天去北京。 (Wǒ dǎ suàn míng tiān qù běi jīng.) - I plan to go to Beijing tomorrow.",[180,396,397],{},"你打算做什么？ (Nǐ dǎ suàn zuò shén me?) - What are you planning to do?",[180,399,400],{},"他打算下个月结婚。 (Tā dǎ suàn xià ge yuè jié hūn.) - He plans to get married next month.",[169,402,404],{"id":403},"准备-zhǔn-bèi-preparing-to-about-to","准备 (zhǔn bèi): preparing to \u002F about to",[177,406,407,410,413],{},[180,408,409],{},"我准备走了。 (Wǒ zhǔn bèi zǒu le.) - I'm getting ready to go.",[180,411,412],{},"他准备去英国学习。 (Tā zhǔn bèi qù yīng guó xué xí.) - He's preparing to study in the UK.",[180,414,415],{},"我们准备吃饭。 (Wǒ men zhǔn bèi chī fàn.) - We're about to eat.",[54,417,418],{},"准备 is slightly more proximate than 打算. 打算 = plan (could be next year). 准备 = preparing, about to (usually soon).",[54,420,421],{},"打算 is Foundation tier; 准备 is technically Higher tier in the AQA inventory but turns up often enough at this level that it's worth knowing.",[49,423,425],{"id":424},"the-full-position-rule","The full position rule",[54,427,428],{},"All modals sit BEFORE the main verb, AFTER the subject, after any time word.",[54,430,431,61],{},[58,432,433],{},"Subject + (time) + modal + main verb + (object)",[177,435,436,442,447],{},[180,437,438,439,441],{},"我明天",[58,440,92],{},"去。 - I'll go tomorrow.",[180,443,438,444,446],{},[58,445,106],{},"吃面条。 - I want to eat noodles tomorrow.",[180,448,449,450,452],{},"他",[58,451,134],{},"回家。 - He should go home.",[54,454,455],{},"Stack two modals? Rare but possible: 我应该会去 (I probably should go \u002F I should be able to go). Stick to one modal at a time until the patterns are reflex.",[49,457,459],{"id":458},"what-to-internalise","What to internalise",[461,462,463,469,475,480,485,491],"ol",{},[180,464,465,468],{},[58,466,467],{},"会 = learned ability + likelihood."," Two jobs.",[180,470,471,474],{},[58,472,473],{},"能 = circumstantial possibility. 可以 = permission."," Often interchangeable in practice.",[180,476,477],{},[58,478,479],{},"想 = softer 'want'. 要 = firmer 'want' \u002F intent.",[180,481,482],{},[58,483,484],{},"应该 = should. 必须 \u002F 得 = must.",[180,486,487,490],{},[58,488,489],{},"不必须 IS WRONG."," Negate 必须 with 不用 or 不必.",[180,492,493],{},[58,494,495],{},"打算 = plan to (future). 准备 = preparing to (more proximate).",[54,497,498,499,61],{},"For the wider grammar context, see the ",[500,501,503],"a",{"href":502},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","Mandarin grammar cheatsheet",{"title":505,"searchDepth":506,"depth":506,"links":507},"",2,[508,509,516,520,521,522,526,527],{"id":51,"depth":506,"text":52},{"id":163,"depth":506,"text":164,"children":510},[511,513,514,515],{"id":171,"depth":512,"text":172},3,{"id":194,"depth":512,"text":195},{"id":215,"depth":512,"text":216},{"id":236,"depth":512,"text":237},{"id":271,"depth":506,"text":272,"children":517},[518,519],{"id":275,"depth":512,"text":276},{"id":293,"depth":512,"text":294},{"id":317,"depth":506,"text":318},{"id":338,"depth":506,"text":339},{"id":381,"depth":506,"text":382,"children":523},[524,525],{"id":388,"depth":512,"text":389},{"id":403,"depth":512,"text":404},{"id":424,"depth":506,"text":425},{"id":458,"depth":506,"text":459},"A2-B1","Mandarin modal verbs distinguished properly. 会 (learned ability vs likelihood), 能 (possibility), 可以 (permission), 想 (want), 要 (intent), 应该 (should), 必须 (must), plus future intent with 打算 and 准备.","md","foundation","Mandarin's modal verbs cover the same ground English does - can, want, should, must, may, will - but the mapping is not one-to-one. The hardest split is between 会, 能, and 可以, which all translate as 'can' but cover different territory. Then there's the 想 \u002F 要 \u002F 打算 trio for varying intensities of 'want' \u002F 'will'. And the 必须 \u002F 应该 \u002F 得 trio for varying intensities of obligation. This page distinguishes them. The negation pattern for 必须 is the one fact that catches everyone.","mandarin",{},"\u002Fmandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fmodals-and-intent",{"title":43,"description":529},"mandarin\u002Fgrammar\u002Fmodals-and-intent","k1LSW6i3OkeC-yEgKW8eeJW1IF2zpPF6PW3Qd8d6y0g",[],{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":541},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M12 15V3m9 12v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m7 10l5 5l5-5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":543},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M13 21h8M15 5l4 4m2.174-2.188a1 1 0 0 0-3.986-3.987L3.842 16.174a2 2 0 0 0-.5.83l-1.321 4.352a.5.5 0 0 0 .623.622l4.353-1.32a2 2 0 0 0 .83-.497z\"\u002F>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":545},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Crect width=\"18\" height=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"3\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"9\" cy=\"9\" r=\"2\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"m21 15l-3.086-3.086a2 2 0 0 0-2.828 0L6 21\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":547},"\u003Cg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 22a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2.4 2.4 0 0 1 1.704.706l3.588 3.588A2.4 2.4 0 0 1 20 8v12a2 2 0 0 1-2 2z\"\u002F>\u003Cpath d=\"M14 2v5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h5M10 9H8m8 4H8m8 4H8\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",1]