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stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\">\u003Cpath d=\"m2 16l4.039-9.69a.5.5 0 0 1 .923 0L11 16m11-7v7M3.304 13h6.392\"\u002F>\u003Ccircle cx=\"18.5\" cy=\"12.5\" r=\"3.5\"\u002F>\u003C\u002Fg>",{"left":4,"top":4,"width":5,"height":5,"rotate":4,"vFlip":6,"hFlip":6,"body":33},"\u003Cpath fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M6 11h4M8 9v4m7-1h.01M18 10h.01m-.69-5H6.68a4 4 0 0 0-3.978 3.59l-.017.152C2.604 9.416 2 14.456 2 16a3 3 0 0 0 3 3c1 0 1.5-.5 2-1l1.414-1.414A2 2 0 0 1 9.828 16h4.344a2 2 0 0 1 1.414.586L17 18c.5.5 1 1 2 1a3 3 0 0 0 3-3c0-1.545-.604-6.584-.685-7.258q-.01-.075-.017-.151A4 4 0 0 0 17.32 5\"\u002F>",{"id":35,"title":36,"author":37,"body":38,"cefrLevel":615,"date":37,"description":616,"extension":617,"faqs":618,"gcseTier":625,"intro":626,"language":627,"lastUpdated":37,"meta":628,"navigation":629,"path":630,"seo":631,"stem":632,"verbSlugs":37,"__hash__":633},"pages\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fquestion-words.md","French Question Words: qui, que, quand, ou, comment, pourquoi and the Three Ways to Ask",null,{"type":39,"value":40,"toc":599},"minimark",[41,46,50,55,166,174,196,200,203,208,211,231,234,254,257,261,268,285,288,306,309,313,316,334,341,361,364,368,371,388,391,426,439,443,446,479,482,486,530,534,570,574],[42,43,45],"h1",{"id":44},"french-question-words","French Question Words",[47,48,49],"p",{},"French has eight question words you'll use constantly, plus three strategies for turning a statement into a question. This page covers both.",[51,52,54],"h2",{"id":53},"the-eight-question-words","The eight question words",[56,57,58,74],"table",{},[59,60,61],"thead",{},[62,63,64,68,71],"tr",{},[65,66,67],"th",{},"Word",[65,69,70],{},"Meaning",[65,72,73],{},"Example",[75,76,77,89,100,111,122,133,144,155],"tbody",{},[62,78,79,83,86],{},[80,81,82],"td",{},"qui",[80,84,85],{},"who",[80,87,88],{},"Qui parle?",[62,90,91,94,97],{},[80,92,93],{},"que",[80,95,96],{},"what",[80,98,99],{},"Que fais-tu?",[62,101,102,105,108],{},[80,103,104],{},"quoi",[80,106,107],{},"what (after prep)",[80,109,110],{},"C'est quoi? \u002F Avec quoi?",[62,112,113,116,119],{},[80,114,115],{},"quand",[80,117,118],{},"when",[80,120,121],{},"Quand pars-tu?",[62,123,124,127,130],{},[80,125,126],{},"ou",[80,128,129],{},"where",[80,131,132],{},"Ou habites-tu?",[62,134,135,138,141],{},[80,136,137],{},"comment",[80,139,140],{},"how",[80,142,143],{},"Comment vas-tu?",[62,145,146,149,152],{},[80,147,148],{},"combien",[80,150,151],{},"how much \u002F many",[80,153,154],{},"Combien ca coute?",[62,156,157,160,163],{},[80,158,159],{},"pourquoi",[80,161,162],{},"why",[80,164,165],{},"Pourquoi tu ris?",[47,167,168,169,173],{},"Plus the determiner ",[170,171,172],"strong",{},"quel \u002F quelle \u002F quels \u002F quelles"," (which \u002F what), which agrees with the noun.",[175,176,177,184,190],"ul",{},[178,179,180,183],"li",{},[170,181,182],{},"Quel livre?"," (Which book?)",[178,185,186,189],{},[170,187,188],{},"Quelle heure est-il?"," (What time is it?)",[178,191,192,195],{},[170,193,194],{},"Quels sont tes plans?"," (What are your plans?)",[51,197,199],{"id":198},"the-three-question-formation-strategies","The three question-formation strategies",[47,201,202],{},"For any question, French gives you three options. They're ranked by register.",[204,205,207],"h3",{"id":206},"_1-intonation-casual","1. Intonation (casual)",[47,209,210],{},"Take the statement and raise the pitch at the end. Word order doesn't change.",[175,212,213,219,225],{},[178,214,215,218],{},[170,216,217],{},"Tu viens?"," (Are you coming?)",[178,220,221,224],{},[170,222,223],{},"Vous habitez ici?"," (Do you live here?)",[178,226,227,230],{},[170,228,229],{},"Marie est francaise?"," (Is Marie French?)",[47,232,233],{},"With a question word, the word usually goes at the end:",[175,235,236,242,248],{},[178,237,238,241],{},[170,239,240],{},"Tu pars quand?"," (When are you leaving?)",[178,243,244,247],{},[170,245,246],{},"Vous habitez ou?"," (Where do you live?)",[178,249,250,253],{},[170,251,252],{},"Tu fais quoi?"," (What are you doing?)",[47,255,256],{},"This is the default register for spoken French. It's grammatical, common, and what you'll hear most.",[204,258,260],{"id":259},"_2-est-ce-que-neutral","2. est-ce que (neutral)",[47,262,263,264,267],{},"Bolt ",[170,265,266],{},"est-ce que"," onto the start of the statement. The rest of the sentence stays the same.",[175,269,270,275,280],{},[178,271,272,218],{},[170,273,274],{},"Est-ce que tu viens?",[178,276,277,224],{},[170,278,279],{},"Est-ce que vous habitez ici?",[178,281,282,230],{},[170,283,284],{},"Est-ce que Marie est francaise?",[47,286,287],{},"With a question word, the question word goes first:",[175,289,290,295,300],{},[178,291,292,241],{},[170,293,294],{},"Quand est-ce que tu pars?",[178,296,297,247],{},[170,298,299],{},"Ou est-ce que vous habitez?",[178,301,302,305],{},[170,303,304],{},"Pourquoi est-ce que tu ris?"," (Why are you laughing?)",[47,307,308],{},"This is the safest learner move. It works in any register, you can't get the word order wrong, and it's never inappropriate.",[204,310,312],{"id":311},"_3-inversion-formal","3. Inversion (formal)",[47,314,315],{},"Flip the subject and verb, joining them with a hyphen.",[175,317,318,323,328],{},[178,319,320,218],{},[170,321,322],{},"Viens-tu?",[178,324,325,224],{},[170,326,327],{},"Habitez-vous ici?",[178,329,330,333],{},[170,331,332],{},"Est-elle francaise?"," (Is she French?)",[47,335,336,337,340],{},"With a third-person verb ending in a vowel and a vowel-starting pronoun, French inserts a ",[170,338,339],{},"-t-"," between them for pronunciation:",[175,342,343,349,355],{},[178,344,345,348],{},[170,346,347],{},"A-t-il un chien?"," (Does he have a dog?)",[178,350,351,354],{},[170,352,353],{},"Va-t-elle au cinema?"," (Is she going to the cinema?)",[178,356,357,360],{},[170,358,359],{},"Parle-t-on francais ici?"," (Do they speak French here?)",[47,362,363],{},"This is the formal register: written French, careful speech, public-facing communication. In conversation it can sound stiff.",[51,365,367],{"id":366},"qui-vs-que-vs-quoi","qui vs que vs quoi",[47,369,370],{},"The three \"what \u002F who\" words split by function.",[175,372,373,378,383],{},[178,374,375,377],{},[170,376,82],{}," = who, asking about a person, in any position",[178,379,380,382],{},[170,381,93],{}," = what, asking about a thing, in subject or object position with a verb directly after",[178,384,385,387],{},[170,386,104],{}," = what, used after a preposition or at the end of a sentence",[47,389,390],{},"Examples:",[175,392,393,398,404,408,414,420],{},[178,394,395,397],{},[170,396,88],{}," (Who is speaking?)",[178,399,400,403],{},[170,401,402],{},"Qui as-tu vu?"," (Who did you see?)",[178,405,406,253],{},[170,407,99],{},[178,409,410,413],{},[170,411,412],{},"Qu'est-ce que c'est?"," (What is it?)",[178,415,416,419],{},[170,417,418],{},"Avec quoi?"," (With what?)",[178,421,422,425],{},[170,423,424],{},"A quoi penses-tu?"," (What are you thinking about?)",[47,427,428,429,431,432,434,435,438],{},"In casual speech, ",[170,430,104],{}," also creeps into positions that would formally take ",[170,433,93],{},": ",[170,436,437],{},"tu fais quoi?"," for \"what are you doing?\" is universal in conversation.",[51,440,442],{"id":441},"yes-no-questions","Yes \u002F no questions",[47,444,445],{},"For yes \u002F no questions (no question word), the three strategies become:",[56,447,448,457],{},[59,449,450],{},[62,451,452,455],{},[65,453,454],{},"Strategy",[65,456,73],{},[75,458,459,466,472],{},[62,460,461,464],{},[80,462,463],{},"Intonation",[80,465,217],{},[62,467,468,470],{},[80,469,266],{},[80,471,274],{},[62,473,474,477],{},[80,475,476],{},"Inversion",[80,478,322],{},[47,480,481],{},"All three mean \"Are you coming?\". Register differs, meaning doesn't.",[51,483,485],{"id":484},"worked-examples","Worked examples",[175,487,488,494,500,506,512,518,524],{},[178,489,490,493],{},[170,491,492],{},"Comment t'appelles-tu?"," (What's your name? - formal)",[178,495,496,499],{},[170,497,498],{},"Tu t'appelles comment?"," (What's your name? - casual)",[178,501,502,505],{},[170,503,504],{},"Quand est-ce que vous partez en vacances?"," (When are you going on holiday?)",[178,507,508,511],{},[170,509,510],{},"Pourquoi tu ne reponds pas?"," (Why aren't you answering?)",[178,513,514,517],{},[170,515,516],{},"Quelle est ta couleur preferee?"," (What's your favourite colour?)",[178,519,520,523],{},[170,521,522],{},"Combien coute ce livre?"," (How much does this book cost?)",[178,525,526,529],{},[170,527,528],{},"A qui parles-tu?"," (Who are you talking to?)",[51,531,533],{"id":532},"common-mistakes-english-speakers-make","Common mistakes English speakers make",[47,535,536,537,540,541,544,545,547,548,551,552,555,556,558,559,551,562,565,566,569],{},"Translating \"do you...?\" with a French auxiliary - there isn't one. ",[170,538,539],{},"Faites-vous..."," is the inversion of the main verb, not a French \"do\". Mixing the three strategies: writing ",[170,542,543],{},"est-ce que viens-tu"," mashes est-ce que and inversion together, which is wrong. Forgetting the ",[170,546,339],{}," insertion in third-person inversion: ",[170,549,550],{},"a il un chien?"," is wrong, it's ",[170,553,554],{},"a-t-il un chien?",". And translating \"what\" as ",[170,557,104],{}," in subject position - ",[170,560,561],{},"quoi fais-tu?",[170,563,564],{},"que fais-tu?"," or ",[170,567,568],{},"qu'est-ce que tu fais?"," in writing.",[51,571,573],{"id":572},"see-also","See also",[175,575,576,585,592],{},[178,577,578,579,584],{},"The ",[580,581,583],"a",{"href":582},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fcheatsheet","French grammar cheatsheet"," covers the wider A1-B1 foundation.",[178,586,578,587,591],{},[580,588,590],{"href":589},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fword-order","word order page"," covers the inversion mechanics in detail.",[178,593,578,594,598],{},[580,595,597],{"href":596},"\u002Ffrench\u002Fgrammar\u002Fintermediate","intermediate French grammar"," page covers questions in compound tenses and indirect questions.",{"title":600,"searchDepth":601,"depth":601,"links":602},"",2,[603,604,610,611,612,613,614],{"id":53,"depth":601,"text":54},{"id":198,"depth":601,"text":199,"children":605},[606,608,609],{"id":206,"depth":607,"text":207},3,{"id":259,"depth":607,"text":260},{"id":311,"depth":607,"text":312},{"id":366,"depth":601,"text":367},{"id":441,"depth":601,"text":442},{"id":484,"depth":601,"text":485},{"id":532,"depth":601,"text":533},{"id":572,"depth":601,"text":573},"A1-A2","French question words (qui, que, quoi, quand, ou, comment, combien, pourquoi) and the three question-formation strategies: intonation, est-ce que, and inversion.","md",[619,622],{"q":620,"a":621},"What are the three ways to ask a question in French?","First, intonation: take a statement and raise the pitch at the end - 'tu viens?' (are you coming?). This is the default in spoken French. Second, est-ce que: bolt 'est-ce que' onto the start of a statement - 'est-ce que tu viens?'. This works in any register and is the safest learner move. Third, inversion: flip the subject and verb with a hyphen - 'viens-tu?'. This is formal and used mostly in writing or careful speech. All three are correct; pick by register.",{"q":623,"a":624},"What is the difference between qui and que in French questions?","Qui asks about people: 'qui parle?' (who is speaking?), 'qui as-tu vu?' (who did you see?). Que (or quoi after a preposition) asks about things: 'que fais-tu?' (what are you doing?), 'qu'est-ce que c'est?' (what is it?). The split is based on whether the answer is a person (qui) or a thing (que\u002Fquoi). In casual speech, 'quoi' often replaces 'que' even in subject position - 'tu fais quoi?' for 'what are you doing?'.","foundation","French has three ways to build a question, from the casual rising intonation of spoken French to the formal subject-verb inversion of writing. 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